Cognitive:
During this time, the brain is starting to be fully developed. It is easily influenced by drugs, alcohol, and emotion. The frontal cortex is not fully developed so decision making is easily influenced.
Formal Operational: 11-Adulthood- Piaget's Stages
- Can perform operations on abstract concepts
-Capable of performing abstract and hypothetical thinking, but may still prefer concrete thinking.
-Personality is altering and changing
-Structural change
-Frontal lobe will not be fully developed by teen years
-Under developed reasoning
-Brain is like a sponge of information during high-school
-New improved thinking skills
-Influenced by experiences
-Physical coordination is well developed
-Emotions are a good reasoning for
- Under a lot of stress
How to ensure proper development:
- Allow teens to figure out who they are individually
- Social interactions and making friends will help them guide them in the right direction
-Going to school, homework and studying will help with problem solving and decision making
-Yoga and meditation can help relieve stress
Physical:
During the adolescent time puberty changes are happening regularly. Girls tend to start before adolescent then carry on into the teenage years. Boys start later then girls but are usually much faster.
Girls physical changes include:
- breast development
- changes in body shape and height
- growth of pubic and body hair
- the start of periods
Boys physical changes include:
- growth of the penis and testes
- changes in body shape and height
- erections with ejaculation
- growth of body and facial hair
- changes to voice
Muscle strength is also developing, as this time period is the beginning of the performance peek time. Physical activity is important to keep the body in shape. Extra curricular actives and school sports are common and encouraged to adolescence.
Sleep patterns change, as teens start to stay up later and sleep in as long as they can. They do need extra sleep during this time period because of all the hormonal and body changes they are going through.
Skin glands become more active during puberty resulting acne.
Healthy eating is important, especially if the teens are active. They will carry on these eating habits for the rest of their lives. It will be harder to break bad habits later on in life
During puberty, the adolescent's hormonal balance shifts strongly towards an adult state; the process is triggered by the pituitary gland, which secretes a large amount of hormonal agents into the bloodstream and initiates a chain reaction.
Alcohol and drugs become more available during this time period of life. Consent use can cause brain damage or stunted development. Occasional use is normal but bad habits can be brought into early adulthood easily.
Alcohol and drugs become more available during this time period of life. Consent use can cause brain damage or stunted development. Occasional use is normal but bad habits can be brought into early adulthood easily.
How to ensure proper development:
Every teen is going to go through puberty and change at all different times and speeds. It is important to be educated so you know what is happening to your body. Don't be afraid to ask questions or google them. Eating healthy and taking care of your body is a big priority as an adolescent. Social Emotional:
During this time, teens are trying to find themselves. This can be a a very hard time for them. They are starting high school and then leaving home to go away for school. They are making new friends and leaving old friends. They are mentally changing, emotions are running high and personalities are changing. Boyfriends and girlfriends start to become a priority and this is the first time they start to see love in relationships.
The social development in teens is usually pretty well developed. They are at school in social settings constantly. Parties, study groups and extracurricular activities are very common groups for teens to be apart of. There is also a lot of peer pressure during this time which influences a lot of choices.
Adolescence is a time when the amygdala is very active. This is where emotions are controlled. Between breakups, stress, friends, losses, and good times adolescences are over come with so many emotions.
Freud: Puberty-Late Adulthood
-Genital: Reawakening of sexual please. The source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family.
Erikson: Adolescence- Identity vs identity confusion-
Self-discovery occurs at this stage
How to ensure proper development:
- Yoga or mediation helps with emotional stress
- Friends and peers help development
- Doing things that you want to do (activities, sports) this will help build on your personality
-Follow and find your own morals
As a parent:
- Allow your teen to explore the teenage world around them
- Allow them to get together with friends
- Encourage study time and a balanced social time
- If they look sad or upset talk to them
- Keep your bond strong with them
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